咖啡想增產(chǎn) 就得挨雨林
熱帶森林對(duì)于毗鄰農(nóng)場(chǎng)的咖啡收成具有推動(dòng)作用。由于蜜蜂所的交叉授粉,能夠讓咖啡產(chǎn)量增加20%,農(nóng)場(chǎng)收入增加7%。
咖啡對(duì)于發(fā)展家來(lái)說(shuō)是五種非常有價(jià)值的出口產(chǎn)品之一,全世界大約有2500萬(wàn)人口從事咖啡生產(chǎn)。但是這種作物喜歡生長(zhǎng)在高濕度地區(qū),這也正好是熱帶森林的分布區(qū)域,所以種植咖啡就意味著要?dú)牧帜?,為此,生態(tài)保護(hù)者與農(nóng)場(chǎng)主之間在土地利用方面的爭(zhēng)論一直都沒(méi)有平息過(guò)。
為了說(shuō)服農(nóng)場(chǎng)主保護(hù)周圍的雨林,研究者們進(jìn)行了這項(xiàng)研究并得出了令人滿意的結(jié)論。“生態(tài)保護(hù)對(duì)于生物多樣性及人類都有好處”來(lái)自斯坦福大學(xué)的研究人員Taylor Ricketts這樣說(shuō)。
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Coffee growers reap the financial rewards of neighbouring forest Tropical forests can boost the coffers of nearby coffee plantations. Forest-dwelling bees cross-pollinate nearby bushes, raising coffee yields by up to 20% and farm incomes by up to 7%. A wild honeybee (Apis mellifera) visits a coffee flower, bringing pollen from other plants to fertilize it Cash incentives The economic benefits of such pollination can be huge. Ricketts's team estimates that, in Finca Santa Fe, the increase due to bees of the yield from 35 hectares of forest translates to an extra US$60,000 a year for the coffee plantation. Costa Rica's innovative Payments for Environmental Services Payments scheme pays landowners around US$42 a year for each hectare of forest they conserve, but this is only a fraction of the natural benefits provided by such nearby forest. "Conservationists often invoke 'ecosystem services' as a justification for conserving wild areas, but we have few examples where the value of conserving natural habitat has been clearly demonstrated. This is one of them," says conservation biologist Claire Kremen from Princeton University in New Jersey. Ricketts's team now hopes to visit Costa Rica and promote the benefits of interlacing farming and forests to environmental ministers and landscape cooperatives. Around two-thirds of the crops we eat are partially dependent on animals for pollination. So it is likely that other agricultural plants, such as watermelons and sunflowers, will also benefit from nearby patches of biodiversity. "Such areas may also provide natural enemies of crop pests," says Kremen. |
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